🦷 Pharmacology of Oral Cancer
| 💊 Drug Class | Drugs | Indication |
|---|---|---|
| Chemotherapeutics | Cisplatin, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), Paclitaxel | Cytotoxic treatment in advanced oral cancer |
| Targeted Therapy | Cetuximab (EGFR inhibitor) | EGFR-positive tumors |
| Immunotherapy | Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab (PD-1 inhibitors) | Advanced/metastatic or refractory cases |
| Pain Management | Morphine, Hydromorphone, Acetaminophen | Pain relief pre-/post-operatively |
| Antiemetics | Ondansetron, Metoclopramide | Nausea control from chemo/radiation |
| Mucosal Protectants | Gelclair, Caphosol | Mucositis relief during radiation/chemo |
| Antibiotics (if needed) | Amoxicillin, Clindamycin | Treat or prevent infections |
📚 Nursing Considerations for Oral Cancer Medications
| 🩺 Consideration | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Prehydrate before chemotherapy (e.g., cisplatin) | To prevent nephrotoxicity |
| Monitor CBC and renal function | For bone marrow suppression and toxicity |
| Use soft toothbrush during mucositis | Reduces trauma |
| Use magic mouthwash for mucositis pain | Often prescribed in oral cancer |
| Assess for signs of immunosuppression | Infection risk increases with chemo |
| Educate on side effects of immunotherapy | May include fatigue, colitis, rash |
| Offer antiemetics 30 minutes before chemo | Improves comfort during therapy |
| Monitor for signs of oral bleeding or ulceration | Early sign of mucosal breakdown or neutropenia |
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